Tag Archives: R

Ar sveikstame nuo koronaviruso? (2023-04-17)

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Prasidėjus koronaviruso invazijai reguliariai sekiau viruso statistiką Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje. Atrodė, kad turime ir vakcinas, ir griežtas priemones valstybės mastu suvaldyti ligos siautėjimą, jau tuoj tuoj turėtų viskas išsispręsti, ir tiesiog beliks stebėti kaip susirgimų skaičius mažėja. Realybė buvo kitokia – banga sekė bangą, viena didesnė už kitą.

Paskutinis grafikų rinkinio atnaujinimas atliktas 2023 m. balandžio mėn., tada, kai apie virusą buvo kalbama vėl tik kiniškai, o žmonės su kaukėmis dažniau matomi filmuose apie superherojus nei parduotuvėje.

Bet jis vis dar su mumis.

Ne visi sergantys šia liga yra testujami ir užfiksuojami, nes trūksta tiek pačių testų, tiek darbo jėgos medicinos sektoriuje, taigi gali būti, kad žmogus susirgo ir mirė nepastebėtas. Taip pat dėl sergančiųjų antplūdžio ligoninėse žmonės nesulaukę medicininės pagalbos gali mirti ir nuo kitų ligų, nuo kurių galėtų būti išgelbėti. Dėl to svarbu stebėti ne Covid-19 mirtis, bet perteklines mirtis.

Pasveikusiųjų duomenys yra ypatingai nepatikimi, nes prioritetas visad yra testuoti naujai susirgusius, o ne pasveikusius. Pasveiko gerokai daugiau žmonių nei skelbia oficiali statistika pasaulyje, taigi ir sergančiųjų yra mažiau. Čia pasveikusiųjų skaičius įvertintas teoriškai – jei žmogus per 4 savaites nuo ligos nenumirė – vadinasi pasveiko. Tai nėra tikslu, bet geriau negu oficialūs duomenys.

Inflation and interest rates were going down … until NOW

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What: Annual inflation rate and 3-month interbank rate.
When: Every month from January 1990 till January or February 2022 (latest data available).
Where: All countries available in the OECD database (OECD countries + some other countries) which have data for 2022 (that’s why no China here) except Luxembourg.
Source: OECD

Kur gyvena lietuviai ir kas gyvena Lietuvoje?

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Šis grafikas parodo kiek lietuvių gyvena užsienio šalyse ir atvirkščiai – jis nerodo srauto, t.y. migracijos.

Stebina tai, kad Rusijoje ir Lenkijoje gyvena daugiau lietuvių nei Norvegijoje ar Airijoje.

Šaltinis: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019. (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2019).

What are the yearly temperature patterns at different latitudes?

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In the Northern hemisphere the summer is warmer than the winter (i.e. normal), in the Southern hemisphere the winter is warmer than the summer (i.e. Australian), around the equator there is not much difference during the year.

What: The difference between monthly mean temperature and annual mean temperature.
When: Some weather stations have data since the XVIII century.
Where: All the weather stations in the world binned at each 10th latitude. Only stations with full-year datasets used in calculations.
Source: Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M) temperature dataset https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ghcn-monthly

Are there any places where the climate is recently getting colder?

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The question arises because we’re having Climate Change and not Global Warming.
Only 6 weather stations in the world have a statistically significant negative temperature trend since 2000.
Most of them are located around the equator, one is in Antarctica.
There are 391 weather stations that have at least 5 full years of data since 2000 and which have a significant trend (p-value is less than 5%).
In 385 of those stations, the temperature is rising.

When: 2000 January – 2020 December.
Where: Weather stations that have at least 5 full years of data during the period in question and have a significant regression coefficient (p-value < 5%).
Source: Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M) temperature dataset https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ghcn-monthly

Tools of dedicated dataviz professionals

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There are variety of tools to do dataviz and for someone who is just starting it is quite difficult to select which one to learn. One possible criteria might be whether this tool is used by professions focused on dataviz. R is focused on statistical analysis, Excel on spreadsheets, and python might be used for everything. So what is the tool which dedicated dataviz professionals use? The conclusion is that there is no such tool, because dataviz is more like a skill useful in many cases (financial reporting, UX design, journalism, etc.) rather than a profession by itself.

dvs 2020

This is my submission to the Data Visualization Census Survey 2020 Challenge by Data Visualization Society a bit updated from the original based on comments by the jury. Visit their site to see the winners!

>> My original entry <<

How free are different world regions?

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The western world loves freedom a lot, with Northern Europe being at the top, whereas regions with predominantly Muslim populations have many restrictions and end up at the end of the (circular) list with low averages.

What: Freedom indices recalculated to fit the range from 0 to 1, where 1 means the best index and 0 means the worst (in 3 out of 5 cases – it’s North Korea). Simple averages were calculated for the regions.
Index, When, Source:
Democracy Index, 2019, EIU
Human Freedom Index, 2017, The Human Freedom Index 2018: A Global Measurement of Personal, Civil, and Economic Freedom
Economic Freedom Index, 2020, The Heritage Foundation
Moral Freedom Index, 2020, The Foundation for the Advancement of Liberty
Press Freedom Index, 2020, Reporters Without Borders
Where: 172 countries were ranked on at least 3 of these indices.

P.S. Radial representation is to make this chart more entertaining for its creator.

Is the USA the most free and democratic country in the world?

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Is the USA the most free and democratic country in the world?

I checked five different indices of freedom and democracy provided by various researchers. My initial idea was to show the top 10 ranking countries of every index. However, the USA does not manage into the top 10 anywhere. So, I checked what countries rank better than the USA on those indices. Apparently its neighbour Canada, The Netherlands – one of the oldest democracies in the world, also New Zealand, Denmark and Switzerland rank better on all five indices. Countries like Estonia, Taiwan and Uruguay rank better on 3. Fund fact – the United Arab Emirates, one obviously not-so-free country ranks better than the USA on Economic Freedom Index.

So, If we talk about FREEDOM we talk about THE NETHERLANDS.

What: Difference in ranking compared to the USA on the following indices.
Index, When, Source:
Democracy Index, 2019, EIU
Human Freedom Index, 2017, The Human Freedom Index 2018: A Global Measurement of Personal, Civil, and Economic Freedom
Economic Freedom Index, 2020, The Heritage Foundation
Moral Freedom Index, 2020, The Foundation for the Advancement of Liberty
Press Freedom Index, 2020, Reporters Without Borders
Where: 172 countries were ranked on at least 3 of these indices.

Does self-observation help to improve?

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Does self-observation help to improve?

This is my last data selfie for now.

I tracked down the time when I start my working day, what percentage of weekly goals I do achieve and whether I do many other daily routine things (meditation, exercise, proper meal, not checking social media after 6 p.m. etc.) which I aggregated into “Level of discipline”.

During the time of self-observation I began to wake up and start working earlier, I started to achieve more goals, but this “discipline” thing did not improve. I guess that trying to do many “useful” things during the day is not as useful and productive as it may seem.

What: Weekly average time of starting to work, the proportion of weekly goals achieved, and “level of discipline” measured in points. Moving averages are calculated using 5-week intervals. There are omissions in the data, as one may see.
When: 38 weeks during 2019-2020
Source: self-observation

Is discipline helping to be more productive?

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Is discipline helping to be more productive?

This is another data selfie based on my own observation of myself.

I tracked down how disciplined am I based on how well I stick to my daily routine and also how much of weekly goals I do achieve. There is a visible positive correlation, but two facts leave me unconvinced that discipline is really useful: 1. When I am the least disciplined, my results are not really bad, at some weeks I even managed to achieve 100% 2. When I am the most disciplined, at some weeks I had results that are among the worst.

I guess that when I concentrate too much on those “daily routine” and “discipline” things I might be more motivated, but then I have less time for actual work on my goals. After those weeks of tracking my results, I dropped the effort to stick to the daily routine completely. And I believe I am as productive as I can be.

What: The proportion of weekly goals achieved and “level of discipline” measured in points. Discipline points are binned into arbitrary intervals, and the white gradient shows median at its brightest point.
When: 38 weeks during 2019-2020
Source: self-observation

My real goal here was to draw really “creative” chart even if it is hard to read.

Is waking up earlier better?

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Is waking up earlier better?

In this world of selfies I make data selfies. I documented my daily routine and weekly goals for 38 weeks and how I have some data to make conclusions on.

According to my own observations of myself the earlier I wake up and start working, the more weekly goals I achieve. Starting the work at 10 a.m. yields better results than at 9 a.m., but there were only 3 weeks when I woke up so late on average and even those were affected by a single day when I slept until noon after some kind of all-night activity.

When I wake up early my body and mind are ready to work at once – I’m definitely not an owl.

What: Weekly average time of starting to work, and the proportion of weekly goals achieved. Time is binned into intervals by 1 hour, and the proportion is averaged.
When: 38 weeks during 2019 and 2020
Source: self-observation

My real goal here was to draw really “creative” chart even if it is hard to read.

How are China’s corporations doing compared to the rest of the world?

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They’re doing well on the internet. China’s Tencent and Alibaba are among the top 10 for 4 years already.

What: Non-USA companies that are in the top 10 public traded companies by market capitalization every year. Saudi Aramco is not included, because only a small fraction of its shares are traded publicly.
When: 1997-2020Q2
Where: I hope it’s the whole world except the USA.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization

What kind of corporations rule the world?

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Corporations of internet and computers.

What: Top 10 public traded companies by market capitalization every year. Saudi Aramco is not included, because only a small fraction of its shares are traded publicly.
When: 1997-2020Q2
Where: I hope it’s the whole world.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization

If GDP has declined, will real estate prices go down?

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If GDP has declined, will real estate prices go down?

Every drop in GDP is followed by a decline in real estate prices or at least a significant slow down in growth with the most obvious case at the beginning of ’80s.

What: Moving average of quarterly USA GDP growth (GDP in billions of chained 2012 dollars, seasonally adjusted) and moving average of quarterly median sales price of houses sold in the United States.
When: 1964Q1 – 2020Q1
Where: USA only.
Source: FRED